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Pneumonic plague epidemic in Northeast China in 1910–1911: Dr.Wu Lien-Teh’s epidemic preventive system for plague control

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 113-115 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0613-4

摘要：

Pneumonic plague that originated in Russian Siberia broke out in Northeast China in October 1910–March 1911. On the basis of field visits, autopsy, bacteriological identification, and close collaboration with local authorities and international colleagues, Dr. Wu Lien-Teh implemented a series of efficient antiplague measures, which successfully controlled the development of an extraordinary epidemic plague. In his subsequent work, Dr. Wu demonstrated the respiratory transmission of pneumonic plague and tarbagans’ role in this spread. Dr. Wu’s academic and cultural contributions are valuable in the medical progress in China.

关键词： pneumonic plague prevention epidemic control Wu Lien-Teh

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Linking key intervention timings to rapid declining effective reproduction number to quantify lessons against COVID-19

Zhihang Peng, Wenyu Song, Zhongxing Ding, Quanquan Guan, Xu Yang, Qiaoqiao Xu, Xu Wang, Yankai Xia

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 623-629 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0788-3

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently under a global pandemic trend. The efficiency of containment measures and epidemic tendency of typical countries should be assessed. In this study, the efficiency of prevention and control measures in China, Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan was assessed, and the COVID-19 epidemic tendency among these countries was compared. Results showed that the effective reproduction number( ) in Wuhan, China increased almost exponentially, reaching a maximum of 3.98 before a lockdown and rapidly decreased to below 1 due to containment and mitigation strategies of the Chinese government. The in Italy declined at a slower pace than that in China after the implementation of prevention and control measures. The in Iran showed a certain decline after the establishment of a national epidemic control command, and an evident stationary phase occurred because the best window period for the prevention and control of the epidemic was missed. The epidemic in Japan and South Korea reoccurred several times with the fluctuating greatly. The epidemic has hardly rebounded in China due to the implementation of prevention and control strategies and the effective enforcement of policies. Other countries suffering from the epidemic could learn from the Chinese experience in containing COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 epidemic control comparison Chinese experience

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Transient performance comparison of grid-forming converters with different FRT control strategies

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 239-250 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0856-2

摘要： Grid-forming converters (GFMs) are faced with the threat of transient inrush current and synchronization instability issues when subjected to grid faults. Instead of disconnecting from the grid unintentionally, GFMs are required to have fault ride through (FRT) capability to maintain safe and stable operation in grid-connected mode during grid fault periods. In recent studies, different FRT control strategies with distinguishing features and that are feasible for different operation conditions have been proposed for GFMs. To determine their application scope, an intuitive comparison of the transient performance of different FRT control strategies is presented in this paper. First, three typical FRT control strategies (virtual impedance, current limiters, and mode-switching control) are introduced and transient mathematical models are established. A detailed comparison analysis on transient inrush current and transient synchronization stability is then presented. The results will be useful for guiding the selection and design of FRT control strategies. Finally, simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC are considered to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

关键词： grid-forming converters (GFMs) fault ride through (FRT) transient stability transient inrush current transient modeling

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Early-onset diabetes: an epidemic in China

Jiemin Pan, Weiping Jia

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期页码 624-633 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0669-1

摘要：

Although type 2 diabetes is a disease often associated with aging, the global prevalence of early-onset diabetes has been increasing due to man’s sedentary lifestyle, low-physical activity, obesity, and some non-modifiable risk factors. Many studies have found that individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes were at higher risk of developing vascular complications than those with late-onset diabetes. Individuals with early-onset diabetes are usually unwilling to visit hospital and have more confidence in their health, which results in poor glycemic control and the delayed detection of diabetes-related complications. Few studies have focused on the treatment and prevention of complications in specific population of individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Therefore, focusing on this particular population is critical for the government and academic societies. Screening for T2DM is imminent for young adults with a family history of diabetes, obesity, markers of insulin resistance, or alcohol consumption. More data are definitely required to establish a reasonable risk model to screen for early-onset diabetes.

关键词： diabetes early-onset diabetes complications

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Estimation of reproduction numbers of COVID-19 in typical countries and epidemic trends under differentprevention and control scenarios

Chen Xu, Yinqiao Dong, Xiaoyue Yu, Huwen Wang, Lhakpa Tsamlag, Shuxian Zhang, Ruijie Chang, Zezhou Wang, Yuelin Yu, Rusi Long, Ying Wang, Gang Xu, Tian Shen, Suping Wang, Xinxin Zhang, Hui Wang, Yong Cai

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 613-622 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0787-4

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a life-threatening pandemic. The epidemic trends in different countries vary considerably due to different policy-making and resources mobilization. We calculated basic reproduction number (R ) and the time-varying estimate of the effective reproductive number (R ) of COVID-19 by using the maximum likelihood method and the sequential Bayesian method, respectively. European and North American countries possessed higher R and unsteady R fluctuations, whereas some heavily affected Asian countries showed relatively low R and declining R now. The numbers of patients in Africa and Latin America are still low, but the potential risk of huge outbreaks cannot be ignored. Three scenarios were then simulated, generating distinct outcomes by using SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, and removed) model. First, evidence-based prompt responses yield lower transmission rate followed by decreasing R . Second, implementation of effective control policies at a relatively late stage, in spite of huge casualties at early phase, can still achieve containment and mitigation. Third, wisely taking advantage of the time-window for developing countries in Africa and Latin America to adopt adequate measures can save more people’s life. Our mathematical modeling provides evidence for international communities to develop sound design of containment and mitigation policies for COVID-19.

关键词： reproduction number SEIR model COVID-19 estimate

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Fuel optimal control of parallel hybrid electric vehicles

PU Jinhuan, YIN Chenliang, ZHANG Jianwu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第3期页码 337-342 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0057-7

摘要： A mathematical model for fuel optimal control and its corresponding dynamic programming (DP) recursive equation were established for an existing parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Two augmented cost functions for gear shifting and engine stop-starting were designed to limit their frequency. To overcome the problem of numerical DP dimensionality, an algorithm to restrict the exploring region was proposed. The algorithm significantly reduced the computational complexity. The system model was converted into real-time simulation code by using MATLAB/RTW to improve computation efficiency. Comparison between the results of a chassis dynamometer test, simulation, and DP proves that the proposed method can compute the performance limitation of the HEV within an acceptable time period and can be used to evaluate and optimize the control strategy.

关键词： mathematical Comparison computational complexity dimensionality corresponding

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Convergence performance comparisons of PID, MRAC, and PID+MRAC hybrid controller

Dan ZHANG,Bin WEI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第2期页码 213-217 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0386-x

摘要：

This study proposes a hybrid controller by combining a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and a model reference adaptive control (MRAC), which named as PID+MRAC controller. The convergence performances of the PID control, MRAC, and hybrid PID+MRAC are also compared. Through the simulation in Matlab, the results show that the convergence speed and performance of the MRAC and the PID+MRAC controller are better than those of the PID controller. In addition, the convergence performance of the hybrid control is better than that of the MRAC control.

关键词： proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control model reference adaptive control hybrid control convergence speed comparison

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Tracking control of robot manipulators via output feedback linearization

FEI Yue-nong, Wu Qing-hua

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第3期页码 329-335 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0034-y

摘要： This paper presents a robot manipulator tracking controller based on output feedback linearization. A sliding mode perturbation observer (SPO) is designed to estimate unmeasurable states and system perturbations that involve system nonlinearities, disturbances and unmodelled dynamics. The use of SPO allows to input/output linearize and decouple the strongly coupled nonlinear robot manipulator system merely by the feedback of joint angles. The controller design does not need an accurate model of the robot manipulator. Simulation studies are undertaken based on a two-link robot manipulator to evaluate the proposed approach. The simulation results show that the proposed controller has more superior tracking control performance, with payload changing in a wide range, in comparison with a sliding mode controller (SMC) designed based on state feedback linearization with full states available.

关键词： available comparison unmeasurable nonlinear perturbation observer

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新冠病毒肺炎疫情防控应急工程管理的伦理反思

方东平, 李文琪, 张恒力, 刘合

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第10期页码 1070-1072 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.014

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为有效防控新冠病毒肺炎争取时间——抗疫假期政策对疫情传播的影响 Article

陈思邈, 陈秋实, 杨维中, 薛澜, 刘远立, 杨俊涛, 王辰, Till Bärnighausen

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第10期页码 1108-1114 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.018

摘要：

在新发突发传染病的早期阶段，快速应对对于疫情防控至关重要。用于控制疫情的公共假期能为大规模、迅速地进行社会隔离和其他举措提供关键的时间窗口期。本研究的目的是探讨抗疫假期的起始时间节点和持续时间对中国早期新冠病毒肺炎疫情传播的影响。我们开发了一个房室模型来模拟从2020年1月开始中国新冠病毒肺炎疫情的动态传播；预测并比较了春节期间在有抗疫假期和没有抗疫假期下的疫情传播；考虑了抗疫假期在不同持续时间、不同起始时间节点，以及在关于病毒传播率的不同假设下的多种情况；估计了在不同情况下达到某些感染阈值所需的天数延迟。结果表明，中国的抗疫假期使新冠病毒肺炎疫情的传播停滞了许多天。与不设抗疫假期的场景相比，基础场景的抗疫假期（湖北省为21 d，中国所有其他省为10 d）可使确诊感染100 000例的时间延迟7.54 d。持续时间更长的抗疫假期会对疫情防控产生更大的影响。为期21 d的全国性抗疫假期可使确诊感染100 000例的时间延迟近10 d。此外，研究发现，在新发突发传染病较早阶段实施抗疫假期比较晚阶段实施对遏制疫情蔓延更有效，抗疫假期期间采取额外的控制措施可以增强疫情控制效果。总之，抗疫假期能够通过有效地减少人群的社交接触频率及范围，从而减缓疫情的传播。抗疫假期使得新冠病毒肺炎传播暂时停滞，为疫情防控争取了时间，科学家可用争取的时间来发现传播途径并确定有效的公共卫生干预措施，政府可用争取的时间来完善基础设施、调配医疗用品、培训和部署专业人力资源，从而为长期防控做好准备。

关键词：新冠病毒肺炎模型春节假期延长保持社交距离

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SARS传染病数学建模及预测预防控制机理研究

刘云忠,宣慧玉,林国玺

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第9期页码 60-65

摘要：

首先，利用疾病传播的一般规律及人口守恒统计法则建立了四类人的SARS传染病数学模型，然后运用数学方法对四类人的SARS传染病数学模型进行分析，得出了其生理意义和预防、控制机理。其次，利用人工神经网络理论建立了SARS的预测模型，以北京市的SARS数据为例进行了预测和分析，预测结果显示该模型简单易行，预测精度高。

关键词： SARS 稳定性轨线阈值定理人工神经网络

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公共卫生应急精准防控与一体化管理

刘奕,张宇栋,张辉,范维澄

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第5期页码 24-33 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.05.004

摘要：

面对全球日益复杂且频发的突发公共卫生事件安全风险形势，公共卫生应急体系与能力的现代化建设至关重要，关系到国家总体安全保障水平的提高，因而是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化改革的急需。本文围绕新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控，从疫情监测报告系统、哨点监测与多点触发机制、面向个人的手机端应用程序3 个方面梳理了我国公共卫生应急防控的发展现状，深入探索了公共卫生应急精准防控与一体化管理的发展思路，并针对性地提出了对策建议。在精准化防控方面，需要综合传染病疫情时空建模和计算方法、疫情数据采集与信息统计、基层社区防控、应急资源保障等多方面需求落实防控措施；在一体化管理方面，要结合非常态下的社会治理信息采集与感知、数据分析与计算平台赋能、基层社会快速响应和指挥调度、疫情监测预警与态势预测、疫情风险的持续风险评估等实现全社会协同的公共卫生应急防控。研究建议，应加强数据与计算分析技术合力赋能疫情防控，实现精准感知管理；完善传染病监测报告系统建设；构建公共卫生治理的一体化防控体系。

关键词：公共卫生事件，应急管理，疫情防控，精准感知，信息技术赋能，一体化

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The epidemic status and risk factors of lung cancer in Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province, China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 388-394 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0233-3

摘要：

Xuanwei City (formerly known as Xuanwei County) locates in the northeastern of Yunnan Province and is rich in coal, iron, copper and other mines, especially the smoky (bituminous) coal. Unfortunately, the lung cancer morbidity and mortality rates in this region are among China’s highest, with a clear upward trend from the mid-1970s to mid-2000s. In 2004–2005, the crude death rate of lung cancer was 91.3 per 100 000 in the whole Xuanwei City, while that for Laibin Town in this city was 241.14 per 100 000. The epidemiologic distribution (clustering patterns by population, time, and space) of lung cancer in Xuanwei has some special features, e.g., high incidence in rural areas, high incidence in females, and an early age peak in lung cancer deaths. The main factor that associates with a high rate of lung cancer incidence was found to be indoor air pollution caused by the indoor burning of smoky coal. To a certain extent, genetic defects are also associated with the high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei. Taken together, lung cancer in this smoky coal combustion region is a unique model for environmental factor-related human cancer, and the current studies indicate that abandoning the use of smoky coal is the key to diminish lung cancer morbidity and mortality.

关键词： lung cancer Xuanwei smoky coal combustion polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons epidemiology

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新冠病毒冷链物流全球传播挑战与多级绿色屏障疫情防控对策

何旭, 刘新旺, 李攀, 王盼盼, 程海军, 李文倩, 李博达, 刘婷, 马军

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 13-16 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.013

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Cold chain logistics Green disinfection Epidemic control

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Cholera: an overview with reference to the Yemen epidemic

Ali A. Rabaan

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 213-228 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0631-2

摘要： Cholera is a secretory diarrhoeal disease caused by infection with , primarily the O1 El Tor biotype. There are approximately 2.9 million cases in 69 endemic countries annually, resulting in 95 000 deaths. Cholera is associated with poor infrastructure and lack of access to sanitation and clean drinking water. The current cholera epidemic in Yemen, linked to spread of O1 (Ogawa serotype), is associated with the ongoing war. This has devastated infrastructure and health services. The World Health Organization had estimated that 172 286 suspected cases arose between 27th April and 19th June 2017, including 1170 deaths. While there are three oral cholera vaccines prequalified by the World Health Organization, there are issues surrounding vaccination campaigns in conflict situations, exacerbated by external factors such as a global vaccine shortage. Major movements of people complicates surveillance and administration of double doses of vaccines. Cholera therapy mainly depends on rehydration, with use of antibiotics in more severe infections. Concerns have arisen about the rise of antibiotic resistance in cholera, due to mobile genetic elements. In this review, we give an overview of cholera epidemiology, virulence, antibiotic resistance, therapy and vaccines, in the light of the ongoing epidemic in Yemen.

关键词： cholera epidemic multi-drug resistant catechin luteolin ToxT CTX&Fcy